洛伊斯·韦伯

美国导演、编剧、演员、制片人

洛伊斯·韦伯

LoisWeber(June13,1879–November13,1939)wasanAmericansilentfilmactress,screenwriter,producer,anddirector,whoisconsidered"themostimportantfemaledirectortheAmericanfilmindustryhasknown",[1]and"oneofthemostimportantandprolificfilmdirectorsintheeraofsilentfilms".[2][3]FilmhistorianAnthonySlideassertsthat:"AlongwithD.W.Griffith,WeberwastheAmericancinema'sfirstgenuineauteur,afilmmakerinvolvedinallaspectsofproductionandonewhoutilizedthemotionpicturetoputacrossherownideasandphilosophies."[4]WeberproducedanoeuvrewhichJenniferParcheskyarguesiscomparabletoGriffith'sinbothquantityandquality,[5]andbroughttothescreenherconcernsforhumanityandsocialjusticeinanestimated200to400films,[2][6]ofwhichasfewastwentyhavebeenpreserved,[7][8]andhasbeencreditedbyIMDbwithdirecting135films,writing114,andactingin100.[9]Weberwas"oneofthefirstdirectorstocometotheattentionofthecensorsinHollywood'searlyyears".[10]Weberhasbeencreditedaspioneeringtheuseofthesplitscreentechniquetoshowsimultaneousactioninher1913filmSuspense.[11]Incollaborationwithherfirsthusband,PhillipsSmalley,in1913Weberwas"oneofthefirstdirectorstoexperimentwithsound",makingthefirstsoundfilmsintheUnitedStates,[12][13]andwasalsothefirstAmericanwomantodirectafull-lengthfeaturefilmwhensheandSmalleydirectedTheMerchantofVenicein1914,[14]andin1917thefirstwomandirectortoownherownfilmstudio.[15]Duringthewaryears,Weber"achievedtremendoussuccessbycombiningacannycommercialsensewithararevisionofcinemaasamoraltool".[16]Atherzenith,"fewmen,beforeorsince,haveretainedsuchabsolutecontroloverthefilmstheyhavedirected–andcertainlynowomendirectorshaveachievedtheall-embracing,powerfulstatusonceheldbyLoisWeber."[17]By1920,Weberwasconsidered

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