克莱尔·帕克

美国导演

克莱尔·帕克

ClaireParker(August31,1906–October3,1981)wasanAmericanengineerandanimator.AgraduateofMIT,herbest-knowncontributiontothehistoryofcinemaisthePinscreen(Écrand'épingles),avertically-mountedgridof240,000slidingmetalrodsthatarefirstmanuallypushedintopositiontocreatelitandshadedareas,thenfilmedframebyframe.[1]Whilethehand-operated,mechanicalPinscreensuperficiallysharescharacteristicswithearly"opticaltoys"likethezoetrope,itisdistinguishedbybeingoneofthefirstdevicesevertoproduceanimationbyreconfiguringasetofindividualpictureelements,latercalledpixels.Itspin"resolution"issufficienttocreatephotorealisticimages,apainstakingprocessanalogoustomodernpixelart.ClaireParkerPhotoofClaireParker.jpgParkeratthepinscreenBornAugust30,1906DiedOctober3,1981(aged75)NationalityAmericanEducationMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyKnownforEngineering,AnimationSpouse(s)AlexandreAlexeieff(m.1940)Parkershareddirectingcreditsforherfilmswithherhusbandandcollaborator,RussiananimatorAlexandreAlexeieff;however,the1935patentonthePinscreenwasmadeinhernamealone.[2]AlexeieffandParker'sPinscreenfilmsincludeNightonBaldMountain(1933)andTheNose(1963),aswellastheopeningtitlesequenceforOrsonWelles'filmTheTrial(1962).Asof2012,thelastknownoriginalPinscreenstillbeingusedinanimationproductionismaintainedattheNationalFilmBoardofCanada'smaincampusinMontreal.[3]

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