雅克·奥芬巴赫

德国编剧、音乐

雅克·奥芬巴赫

JacquesOffenbach(bornJacobOffenbach;20June1819–5October1880)wasaGerman-bornFrenchcomposerandcellistoftheRomanticeraandoneoftheoriginatorsoftheoperettaform.OfGerman-Jewishancestry,hewasoneofthemostinfluentialcomposersofpopularmusicinEuropeinthe19thcentury,andmanyofhisworksremainintherepertory.Offenbach'snumerousoperettas,suchasOrpheusintheUnderworld,andLabelleHélène,wereextremelypopularinbothFranceandtheEnglish-speakingworldduringthe1850sand1860s.Theycombinedpoliticalandculturalsatirewithwittygrandoperaparodies.HispopularityinFrancewentdownduringthe1870saftertheSecondEmpire,andhefledFrance,butduringthelastyearsofhislife,hispopularityrebounded,andseveralofhisoperettasarestillperformed.WhilehisnameremainsassociatedmostcloselywiththeFrenchoperettaandtheSecondEmpire,itisOffenbach'sonefullyoperaticmasterpiece,Lescontesd'Hoffmann(TheTalesofHoffmann),composedattheendofhiscareer,thathasbecomethemostfamiliarofOffenbach'sworksinmajoroperahouses.

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